Gerakan Samin: Konflik Hutan, Ratu Adil dan Perlawanan Kultural Petani Blora

Prayoga Abritama

doi:10.31258/hjps.3.2.55-61

Prayoga Abritama Universitas Negeri Semarang

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31258/hjps.3.2.55-61

Keywords: Forest Conflict, Just Ruler, Cultural Resistance

Abstract

The Samin movement is a consequence of the accumulation of people's misery due to the oppressive policies of the Dutch colonial government and is motivated by the uniformity of the mindset of the masses regarding the belief in the emergence of the figure of Ratu Adil within Samin Suro(se)ntiko. The purpose of this writing is to find out, identify the journey and development of the Samin Movement in Blora and interpret the character of Samin Suro(se)ntiko and his teachings. The Samin movement was not only a rejection of the colonial government's policies, but also influenced the culture, way of life and spirituality of its followers. Spirituality in the understanding of the Samin lies in the teachings of the ‘Agama Adam’ which is not an abstract doctrine but a gaman (weapon/life guide) and not a special ritual to the ‘Pengeran’ (God) but the behavior of everyday life. ‘Agama Adam’is actually the life guide (ageman) of the Samin people which is reflected clearly and concretely in their own lives. ‘Agama Adam’ is the basis for swagraha or non-violent resistance from the Samins. Without this source, it will be difficult to understand how the Samin as innocent poor farmers (wong cilik) have great courage in positioning themselves to oppose state power and reject it.

References

Abdurrahman, D. (2007). Metode Penelitian Sejarah. Jakarta: Logos Wacana Ilmu.

Benda, H. J., & Castles, L. (1969). The Samin Movement. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land-En Volkenkunde, 125(2), 207–240.

Hall, D. G. E. (1981). History of South East Asia (Fourth Edi). London: Macmillan International Higher Education.

Hutomo, S. S. (1996). Tradisi dari Blora. Semarang: Citra Almamater.

King, V. T. (1973). Some Observations on the Samin Movement of North-Central Java: Suggestions for the Theoretical Analysis of the Dynamics of Rural Unrest. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land-En Volkenkunde, 129(4), 457–481.

Korver, A. P. E. (1976). The Samin Movement and Millenarism. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land-En Volkenkunde, 132(2–3), 249–266.

Kuntowijoyo. (2018). Pengantar Ilmu Sejarah (Edisi Baru). Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana.

Muhammadun, D. (2004). Tanah Berdarah di Bumi Merdeka: Menelusuri Luka-luka Sejarah 1965-1966 di Blora. Solo: Yayasan Advokasi Transformasi Masyarakat (ATMA).

Mukodi, A. B. (2015). Pendidikan Samin Surosentiko. Yogyakarta: Lentera Kreasindo.

Mumfangati, T., Murniatmo, G., Sunjata, I. W. P., Sumarsih, S., Susilantini, E., & Ariani, C. (2004). Kearifan Lokal di Lingkungan Masyarakat Samin, Kabupaten Blora, Propinsi Jawa Tengah. In Balai Kajian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Yogyakarta, Deputi Bidang Peestarian dan Pengembangan Kebudayaan, Kementerian Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata.

Nurkholifah, I. (2017). Pengelolaan Hutan Jati di Blora (1897-1942). Universitas Airlangga.

Onghokham. (1983). Rakyat dan Negara (Pertama). Jakarta: Sinar Harapan.

Pohan, B. (2016). Jejak Hutan Jati dalam Peradaban. Bakti Rimba, 1(3).

Rokhmad, A. (2017). PETANI VS NEGARA Studi Tentang Konflik Tanah Hutan Negara dan Resolusinya dalam Perspektif Fiqh. EDUDEENA: Journal of Islamic Religious Education, 1(2).

Sjamsuddin, H. (2007). Metodologi Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Ombak.

Soepardi. (1951). Hutan dan Perniagaan Hasil Hutan. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.

Wibowo, A. S., Makin, A., Rumansara, E. H., Carey, P., Couteau, J., Ishak, O. S., Budiawan, & Margana, S. (2016). Ratu Adil: Kuasa dan Pemberontakan di Nusantara. In Borobudur Writers and Culture Festival 2014.

Widyarsono, A. (2016). Gerakan Samin: Perlawanan Rakyat Tanpa Kekerasan. UNISIA, 36, 81–95.